Evaluation of Maxillary Incisive Canal Characteristics Related to Dental Implant Treatment With Computerized Tomography: A Clinical Multicenter Study
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Auteurs : Tolga F. Tözüm [Turquie] ; Güliz N. Güncü [Turquie] ; Ya Gbreve Mur D. Yildirim [Turquie] ; Hasan Guney Yilmaz [Turquie] ; Pablo Galindo-Moreno [Espagne, États-Unis] ; Miguel Velasco-Torres [Turquie] ; Khalid Al-Hezaimi [Arabie saoudite] ; Raed Al-Sadhan [États-Unis] ; Erdem Karabulut [États-Unis] ; Hom-Lay Wang [Arabie saoudite, États-Unis]Source :
- Journal of periodontology : (1970) [ 0022-3492 ] ; 2012.
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Abstract
Background: A close anatomic relationship between the incisive canal and the roots of the central maxillary incisors should be kept in mind during dental-implant treatment in the anterior maxilla. The aim of the present study is to analyze incisive canal characteristics on computed tomography (CT) sections and to evaluate its relation to bone anterior to the canal with regard to dental implantation. Methods: A total of 933 partially edentulous and/or edentulous patients scheduled for implant insertion in four dental clinics enrolled in the present study. The following were measured and recorded from CT sections for analysis: 1) diameter and length of the incisive canal; 2) width and length of the bone anterior to the canal; 3) palatal bone width and length; and 4) root width and length of the central incisor. Results: Mean canal length was 10.86 ± 2.67 mm, and mean diameter was 2.59 ± 0.91 mm. Canal length was shortened in edentulous anterior maxilla compared to dentate maxilla. However, canal diameter did not show any difference between dentate and edentulous groups. Males had a longer and wider incisive canal than females. Canal shape was mostly cylindrical in 40.73% of images. No correlation was found with mean canal length and mean canal diameter according to age. Conclusions: Although variations exist in every patient, the findings from this study suggest that sex and dental status are important factors that can affect incisive canal characteristics and amount of bone anterior to the canal. Clinicians should perform careful planning using CT scans before performing dental implant surgeries in premaxillary region.
Affiliations:
- Arabie saoudite, Espagne, Turquie, États-Unis
- Andalousie, Michigan
- Grenade (Espagne)
- Université de Grenade
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Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University.</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karabulut, Erdem" sort="Karabulut, Erdem" uniqKey="Karabulut E" first="Erdem" last="Karabulut">Erdem Karabulut</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Hom Lay" sort="Wang, Hom Lay" uniqKey="Wang H" first="Hom-Lay" last="Wang">Hom-Lay Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Division of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University</s1><s2>Riyadh</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation 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Tözüm</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University</s1><s2>Ankara</s2><s3>TUR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Turquie</country><wicri:noRegion>Ankara</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guncu, Guliz N" sort="Guncu, Guliz N" uniqKey="Guncu G" first="Güliz N." last="Güncü">Güliz N. Güncü</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University</s1><s2>Ankara</s2><s3>TUR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Turquie</country><wicri:noRegion>Ankara</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yildirim, Ya Gbreve Mur D" sort="Yildirim, Ya Gbreve Mur D" uniqKey="Yildirim Y" first="Ya Gbreve Mur D." last="Yildirim">Ya Gbreve Mur D. Yildirim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University</s1><s2>Ankara</s2><s3>TUR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Turquie</country><wicri:noRegion>Ankara</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guney Yilmaz, Hasan" sort="Guney Yilmaz, Hasan" uniqKey="Guney Yilmaz H" first="Hasan" last="Guney Yilmaz">Hasan Guney Yilmaz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University</s1><s2>Mersin</s2><s3>TUR</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Turquie</country><wicri:noRegion>Mersin</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galindo Moreno, Pablo" sort="Galindo Moreno, Pablo" uniqKey="Galindo Moreno P" first="Pablo" last="Galindo-Moreno">Pablo Galindo-Moreno</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, University of Granada</s1><s2>Granada</s2><s3>ESP</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Espagne</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Grenade (Espagne)</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Andalousie</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Grenade</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Diagnostic Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University.</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Diagnostic Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University.</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Velasco Torres, Miguel" sort="Velasco Torres, Miguel" uniqKey="Velasco Torres M" first="Miguel" last="Velasco-Torres">Miguel Velasco-Torres</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University</s1><s2>Mersin</s2><s3>TUR</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Turquie</country><wicri:noRegion>Mersin</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Hezaimi, Khalid" sort="Al Hezaimi, Khalid" uniqKey="Al Hezaimi K" first="Khalid" last="Al-Hezaimi">Khalid Al-Hezaimi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Division of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University</s1><s2>Riyadh</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Sadhan, Raed" sort="Al Sadhan, Raed" uniqKey="Al Sadhan R" first="Raed" last="Al-Sadhan">Raed Al-Sadhan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Diagnostic Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University.</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Diagnostic Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University.</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karabulut, Erdem" sort="Karabulut, Erdem" uniqKey="Karabulut E" first="Erdem" last="Karabulut">Erdem Karabulut</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Hom Lay" sort="Wang, Hom Lay" uniqKey="Wang H" first="Hom-Lay" last="Wang">Hom-Lay Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Division of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University</s1><s2>Riyadh</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan</s1><s2>Ann Arbor, MI</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of periodontology : (1970)</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. periodontol. : (1970)</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-3492</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Journal of periodontology : (1970)</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. periodontol. : (1970)</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-3492</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Computerized axial tomography</term><term>Dental implant</term><term>Dentistry</term><term>Evaluation</term><term>Flap (surgery)</term><term>Human</term><term>Incisor</term><term>Maxillary</term><term>Surgery</term><term>Tomography</term><term>Treatment</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Traitement</term><term>Tomodensitométrie</term><term>Chirurgie</term><term>Evaluation</term><term>Maxillaire</term><term>Homme</term><term>Incisive</term><term>Lambeau</term><term>Tomographie</term><term>Dentisterie</term><term>Implant dentaire</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Chirurgie</term><term>Homme</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Background: A close anatomic relationship between the incisive canal and the roots of the central maxillary incisors should be kept in mind during dental-implant treatment in the anterior maxilla. The aim of the present study is to analyze incisive canal characteristics on computed tomography (CT) sections and to evaluate its relation to bone anterior to the canal with regard to dental implantation. Methods: A total of 933 partially edentulous and/or edentulous patients scheduled for implant insertion in four dental clinics enrolled in the present study. The following were measured and recorded from CT sections for analysis: 1) diameter and length of the incisive canal; 2) width and length of the bone anterior to the canal; 3) palatal bone width and length; and 4) root width and length of the central incisor. Results: Mean canal length was 10.86 ± 2.67 mm, and mean diameter was 2.59 ± 0.91 mm. Canal length was shortened in edentulous anterior maxilla compared to dentate maxilla. However, canal diameter did not show any difference between dentate and edentulous groups. Males had a longer and wider incisive canal than females. Canal shape was mostly cylindrical in 40.73% of images. No correlation was found with mean canal length and mean canal diameter according to age. Conclusions: Although variations exist in every patient, the findings from this study suggest that sex and dental status are important factors that can affect incisive canal characteristics and amount of bone anterior to the canal. Clinicians should perform careful planning using CT scans before performing dental implant surgeries in premaxillary region.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Arabie saoudite</li><li>Espagne</li><li>Turquie</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Andalousie</li><li>Michigan</li></region><settlement><li>Grenade (Espagne)</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Grenade</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Turquie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Tozum, Tolga F" sort="Tozum, Tolga F" uniqKey="Tozum T" first="Tolga F." last="Tözüm">Tolga F. Tözüm</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Guncu, Guliz N" sort="Guncu, Guliz N" uniqKey="Guncu G" first="Güliz N." last="Güncü">Güliz N. Güncü</name><name sortKey="Guney Yilmaz, Hasan" sort="Guney Yilmaz, Hasan" uniqKey="Guney Yilmaz H" first="Hasan" last="Guney Yilmaz">Hasan Guney Yilmaz</name><name sortKey="Velasco Torres, Miguel" sort="Velasco Torres, Miguel" uniqKey="Velasco Torres M" first="Miguel" last="Velasco-Torres">Miguel Velasco-Torres</name><name sortKey="Yildirim, Ya Gbreve Mur D" sort="Yildirim, Ya Gbreve Mur D" uniqKey="Yildirim Y" first="Ya Gbreve Mur D." last="Yildirim">Ya Gbreve Mur D. 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